Radical Font

Radical Pie includes a special font called Radical that contains approximately 1400 mathematical and scientific symbols. It is designed to have a consistent style that matches the metrics of the Times and STIX font families. The Radical font does not contain ordinary letters, numbers, or common non-mathematical symbols like the percent sign or ampersand.

The Radical font is always available as font number 0 in the Font Manager. It is built into Radical Pie, and there is no associated TrueType or OpenType font file installed on the computer.

The following table shows the exact set of characters that are included in the Radical font. Each row corresponds to a range of 256 code points as they would be shown in the Insert Character dialog.

Unicode Range	Table
U+0000..00FF A few operators and relations in the ASCII range and Latin-1 Supplement block are included for consistency with the numerous variations of these symbols occurring elsewhere in the font.
U+0100..01FF The lambda-bar symbol is included for consistency with h-bar, Planck’s constant over 2π.
U+0300..03FF Combining marks with arrowheads are included to have a style consistent with all the other arrows in the font.
U+2000..20FF The bullet is included for use as an operator, and the ellipsis is included to ensure proper spacing. Combining marks with arrowheads are included to have a style consistent with all the other arrows in the font.
U+2100..21FF A slightly improved aleph symbol is included. All of the arrows have a style consistent with other mathematical symbols in the font.
U+2200..22FF This range includes a large variety of mathematical symbols. Some of these, such as the summation and integral characters, cause new mathematical structures to be inserted into an equation.
U+2300..23FF This range includes a few miscellaneous mathematical symbols and a couple benzene rings.
U+2500..25FF This range includes a variety of geometric shapes.
U+2600..26FF This range predominantly includes astronomical symbols. It also includes symbols for musical isomorphisms and some geometric shapes.
U+2700..27FF This range includes some miscellaneous mathematical symbols and large arrows.
U+2900..29FF This range includes a large number of supplemental arrows and a variety of less common mathematical symbols.
U+2A00..2AFF This range includes a large variety of less common mathematical symbols.
U+2B00..2BFF This range includes even more supplemental arrows, a set of triangle-headed arrows, some additional astronomical symbols, and more geometric shapes.
U+EE00..EEFF This range is part of the Unicode private use area. The Radical font contains several symbols here that are not assigned in Unicode. These include variations of a radius symbol, additional geometric shapes, subset and superset symbols, chemical bonds, a few arrows, and a couple extra spaces. See below for more information.
U+EF00..EFFF This range is part of the Unicode private use area. The Radical font contains the proposed constellation symbols here, designed by Denis Moskowitz. These go together with the zodiac constellations at U+2648..U+2653 and Ophiuchus at U+26CE.
U+1CE00..1CEFF The asteroid symbols introduced in Unicode 17 are included. The new standard state symbol is also included.
U+1F700..1F7FF Several astronomical symbols, alchemical symbols, and geometric shapes are included.
U+1F800..1F8FF Several additional arrows are included, some of which are chemical equation arrows introduced in Unicode 17.
U+1F900..1F9FF The Radical Pie logo is included as the emoji for pie.

Custom Symbols

The following code points in the range U+EE00..U+EEFF correspond to special symbols in the Radical font that are not part of the Unicode standard.

Radius symbols. Unicode includes a diameter symbol at U+2300, but it does not include any radius symbols, so we provide them here.

Encoding	Symbol	Description
U+EE00		RADIUS EAST • forms a set with EE01–EE07 • exactly the same size as circled dot operator (which is sometimes used to mean center) → 2300 diameter → 2299 circled dot operator → 25CB white circle
U+EE01		RADIUS NORTHEAST
U+EE02		RADIUS NORTH
U+EE03		RADIUS NORTHWEST
U+EE04		RADIUS WEST
U+EE05		RADIUS SOUTHWEST
U+EE06		RADIUS SOUTH
U+EE07		RADIUS SOUTHEAST

Geometric shapes. These shapes provide mirror images or inverted counterparts for shapes that already exist in Unicode.

Encoding	Symbol	Description
U+EE08		BLACK LEFT-POINTING PENTAGON → 2B53 black right-pointing pentagon
U+EE09		WHITE LEFT-POINTING PENTAGON → 2B54 white right-pointing pentagon
U+EE0A		TURNED WHITE PENTAGON → 2BC2 turned black pentagon
U+EE0B		HORIZONTAL WHITE HEXAGON → 2B23 horizontal black hexagon
U+EE0C		HORIZONTAL WHITE OCTAGON → 2BC3 horizontal black octagon
U+EE0D		WHITE OCTAGON → 2BC4 black octagon
U+EE0E		WHITE SMALL DIAMOND → 2B29 black small diamond
U+EE0F		BLACK MEDIUM STAR → 2B50 white medium star
U+EE52		WHITE MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE → 23F4 black medium left-pointing triangle → 22B2 normal subgroup of
U+EE53		WHITE MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE → 23F5 black medium right-pointing triangle → 22B3 contains as normal subgroup
U+EE54		WHITE MEDIUM UP-POINTING TRIANGLE → 23F6 black medium up-pointing triangle → 1F702 alchemical symbol for fire
U+EE55		WHITE MEDIUM DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE → 23F7 black medium down-pointing triangle → 1F704 alchemical symbol for water

Set relations. Several additional set relations are provided to augment those already in Unicode.

Encoding	Symbol	Description
U+EE10		OPEN SUBSET OR EQUAL TO → 27C3 open subset
U+EE11		OPEN SUPERSET OR EQUAL TO → 27C4 open superset
U+EE12		CLOSED SUBSET VARIANT → 2ACF closed subset
U+EE13		CLOSED SUPERSET VARIANT → 2AD0 closed superset
U+EE14		CLOSED SUBSET VARIANT OR EQUAL TO → 2AD1 closed subset or equal to
U+EE15		CLOSED SUPERSET VARIANT OR EQUAL TO → 2AD2 closed superset or equal to
U+EE16		NOT CLOSED SUBSET → 2ACF closed subset
U+EE17		NOT CLOSED SUPERSET → 2AD0 closed superset
U+EE18		NOT CLOSED SUBSET OR EQUAL TO → 2AD1 closed subset or equal to
U+EE19		NOT CLOSED SUPERSET OR EQUAL TO → 2AD2 closed superset or equal to
U+EE1A		NOT OPEN SUBSET → 27C3 open subset
U+EE1B		NOT OPEN SUPERSET → 27C4 open superset
U+EE1C		NOT CLOSED SUBSET VARIANT → EE12 closed subset variant
U+EE1D		NOT CLOSED SUPERSET VARIANT → EE13 closed superset variant
U+EE1E		NOT OPEN SUBSET OR EQUAL TO → EE10 open subset or equal to
U+EE1F		NOT OPEN SUPERSET OR EQUAL TO → EE11 open superset or equal to
U+EE20		NOT CLOSED SUBSET VARIANT OR EQUAL TO → EE14 closed subset variant or equal to
U+EE21		NOT CLOSED SUPERSET VARIANT OR EQUAL TO → EE15 closed superset variant or equal to
U+EE22		NOT SQUARE SUBSET → 228F square image of
U+EE23		NOT SQUARE SUPERSET → 2290 square original of
U+EE24		NOT DOUBLE SUBSET → 22D0 double subset
U+EE25		NOT DOUBLE SUPERSET → 22D1 double superset

Chemical bonds. Unicode does not include symbols for chemical bonds, so they are provided here. A distinguishing feature of these characters is that they are vertically centered at half the capital height and not at the math axis.

Encoding	Symbol	Description
U+EE30		SINGLE BOND • all bonds vertically aligned at half the capital height → 2014 em dash → 2015 horizontal bar → 2212 minus sign
U+EE31		DOUBLE BOND → 003D equals sign
U+EE32		TRIPLE BOND → 2261 identical to
U+EE33		QUADRUPLE BOND → 2263 strictly equivalent to
U+EE34		PARTIAL SINGLE BOND
U+EE35		PARTIAL DOUBLE BOND 1
U+EE36		PARTIAL DOUBLE BOND 2
U+EE37		PARTIAL TRIPLE BOND 1
U+EE38		PARTIAL TRIPLE BOND 2
U+EE39		PARTIAL TRIPLE BOND 3
U+EE3A		LONG SINGLE BOND → EE30 single bond → 2E3A two-em dash → 2E3B three-em dash
U+EE3B		LONG DOUBLE BOND → EE31 double bond

Arrows. Several additional arrows are provided to augment those already in Unicode.

Encoding	Symbol	Description
U+EE40		LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOWNWARDS HOOK → 21A9 leftwards arrow with hook
U+EE41		RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOWNWARDS HOOK → 21AA rightwards arrow with hook
U+EE42		LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOWNWARDS LOOP → 21AB leftwards arrow with loop
U+EE43		RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOWNWARDS LOOP → 21AC rightwards arrow with loop
U+EE44		NORTH WEST AND SOUTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW → 2921 north west and south east arrow
U+EE45		NORTH EAST AND SOUTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW → 2922 north east and south west arrow
U+EE46		LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR → 21A4 leftwards arrow from bar
U+EE47		UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR → 21A5 upwards arrow from bar
U+EE48		RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR → 21A6 rightwards arrow from bar
U+EE49		DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR → 21A7 downwards arrow from bar
U+EE4A		LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE → 21F7 leftwards arrow with vertical stroke
U+EE4B		UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE → 2909 upwards arrow with vertical stroke
U+EE4C		RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE → 21F8 rightwards arrow with vertical stroke
U+EE4D		DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE → 2908 downwards arrow with vertical stroke
U+EE56		TWO LEFT RIGHT ARROWS → 2194 left right arrow
U+EE57		TWO UP DOWN ARROWS → 2195 up down arrow
U+EE58		TWO LEFT RIGHT TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROWS → 2B64 left right triangle-headed arrow
U+EE59		TWO UP DOWN TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROWS → 2B65 up down triangle-headed arrow

Spaces. Two additional spaces of common sizes not appearing in Unicode are included.

Encoding	Symbol	Description
U+EE50		DOUBLE EM SPACE • width is exactly 36 math units or two ems = double em quad → 2003 em space → 2001 em quad
U+EE51		THICK SPACE • width is exactly 5 math units or 5/18 em → 2009 thin space → 205F medium mathematical space → 2004 three-per-em space

Radical Font

Custom Symbols

See Also